Postgres stores all the information of a database cluster in a location commonly referred to as PGDATA.
Typical location of PGDATA is /var/lib/pgsql/data.
This location might vary. Check for your system through this command:
rushiyadwade=# show data_directory;
data_directory
---------------------------------
/opt/homebrew/var/postgresql@14
(1 row)
Data directory path is also present in the pg.conf file. Locate config file through this command:
rushiyadwade=# show config_file;
config_file
-------------------------------------------------
/opt/homebrew/var/postgresql@14/postgresql.conf
(1 row)
More here: Postgres storage format